FEATURES OF THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL SYMPTOM PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL AND SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/3041-2005/2026-1.40Keywords:
functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, somatoform disorders, psychopathological symptoms, somatization, anxiety, depressionAbstract
The article presents the characteristics of the manifestation of the main categories of psychopathological disturbances in cohorts of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and somatoform disorders. The study was conducted using a prospective design. Study Group 1 (SG1) included 21 patients diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Study Group 2 (SG2) consisted of 24 patients with non-psychotic psychopathology, in whom the primary clinical manifestations were symptoms of gastrointestinal dysfunction analogous to those observed in functional gastrointestinal disorders. The comparison group (CG) comprised 49 individuals who participated in the study as healthy volunteers. The primary research instrument was the SCL-90-R. The results demonstrate that, quantitatively, the overall psychopathological profile in SG1 generally corresponds to that in SG2 and is characterized by relatively high levels in the SOM, O–C, DEP, and ANX domains. In SG1, scores in the SOM (p = 0.03), ANX (p < 0.01), and PSY (p = 0.02) domains were higher. The Global Severity Index (GSI) did not show statistically significant differences. Both clinical groups differed significantly from healthy volunteers across all symptom domains. The results of the qualitative comparison between SG1 and SG2 indicate that the number of cases with pronounced psychopathological manifestations (mean score > 2 points) and, importantly, the symptom profile (i.e., the frequency of such cases across specific domains), as well as the number of cases with corresponding overall symptom severity (GSI), are similar. The only exception to this observation is the frequency of pronounced psychoticism (PSY), which was lower in SG2. Thus, it was established that both study groups exhibit statistically more pronounced psychopathological manifestations across most SCL-90-R domains compared with the control group. The comparison between SG1 and SG2 shows that the number of cases with pronounced psychopathological manifestations, their profile, and the number of cases with elevated GSI are comparable.
References
Goodoory V. C., Ng C. E., Black C. J., Ford A. C. Impact of Rome IV irritable bowel syndrome on work and activities of daily living. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2022. Vol. 56(5). P. 844–856. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17132
Grover M., Drossman D. A. Centrally acting therapies for irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2011. Vol. 40(1). P. 183–206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2010.12.003
Zamani M., Alizadeh-Tabari S., Zamani V. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019. Vol. 50(2). P. 132–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15325
Ng Q. X., Soh A. Y. S., Loke W., Venkatanarayanan N., Lim D. Y., Yeo W. S. Systematic review with meta-analysis: The association between post-traumatic stress disorder and irritable bowel syndrome. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2019. Vol. 34(1). P. 68–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14446
Takajo T., Tomita K., Tsuchihashi H., Enomoto S., Tanichi M., Toda H., Okada Y., Furuhashi H., Sugihara N., Wada A., Horiuchi K., Inaba K., Hanawa Y., Shibuya N., Shirakabe K., Higashiyama M., Kurihara C., Watanabe C., Komoto S., Nagao S., et al. Depression promotes the onset of irritable bowel syndrome through unique dysbiosis in rats. Gut and Liver. 2019. Vol. 13(3). P. 325–332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl18296
Koloski N. A., Jones M., Kalantar J., Weltman M., Zaguirre J., Talley N. J. The brain–gut pathway in functional gastrointestinal disorders is bidirectional: a 12-year prospective population-based study. Gut. 2012. Vol. 61(9). P. 1284–1290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300474
Koloski N., Holtmann G., Talley N. J. Is there a causal link between psychological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders? Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020. Vol. 14(11). P. 1047–1059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2020.1801414
Nikolova V. L., Pelton L., Moulton C. D., Zorzato D., Cleare A. J., Young A. H., Stone J. M. The prevalence and incidence of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease in depression and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2022. Vol. 84(3). P. 313–324.
Eijsbouts C., Zheng T., Kennedy N. A., Bonfiglio F., Anderson C. A., Moutsianas L., Holliday J., Shi J., Shringarpure S., 23andMe Research Team, Voda A. I., Bellygenes Initiative, Farrugia G., Franke A., Hübenthal M., Abecasis G., Zawistowski M., Skogholt A. H., Ness-Jensen E., Hveem K., et al. Genome-wide analysis of 53,400 people with irritable bowel syndrome highlights shared genetic pathways with mood and anxiety disorders. Nature Genetics. 2021. Vol. 53(11). P. 1543–1552. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00950-8
Margolis K. G., Cryan J. F., Mayer E. A. The microbiota–gut–brain axis: from motility to mood. Gastroenterology. 2021. Vol. 160(5). P. 1486–1501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066
Lee H. S. Irritable bowel syndrome or psychiatric disorders: which comes first? Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility. 2022. Vol. 28(3). P. 335–336. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm22065
Derogatis L. R. SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring and procedures manual. 3rd ed. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson; 1994.
Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology. 1932. Vol. 140. P. 5–53.
