ART THERAPY AS A TOOL FOR THE EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

Abstract

The article examines art therapy as an effective tool for the emotional and social development of preschool children with special educational needs. It emphasizes that this age is particularly sensitive for the formation of the emotional sphere, communication skills, and social adaptation. Psychophysical developmental disorders complicate a child’s interaction with the social environment, making the use of creative methods a necessary component of the modern educational process. Art therapy is defined as a purposeful process that combines creativity and psychological influence, allowing children to express emotions nonverbally through drawing, modeling, music, dramatization, and other forms of artistic activity. This promotes emotional release, self-awareness, confidence building, the development of a positive self-image, and a sense of significance. It is noted that group forms of art therapy develop cooperation skills, tolerance, empathy, and the ability to communicate while simultaneously performing corrective, diagnostic, and socializing functions. The individualization of art therapy programs ensures the consideration of personal needs, the type of developmental disorder, and each child’s pace of growth. The importance of creating a safe and emotionally supportive environment is emphasized—one in which the child feels accepted and can freely experiment with materials, colors, shapes, and movements, thereby developing imagination and sensory experience. The systematic use of art therapy in preschool education helps reduce anxiety and aggression, enhances adaptability and self-regulation, and strengthens self-esteem and internal motivation. Art therapy not only reveals creative potential but also ensures the comprehensive psycho-emotional and social development of the child, serving as an effective means of inclusion, harmonization of interpersonal relationships, and preparation of preschoolers for successful integration into society.