PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY RESILIENCE MODELS

Abstract

The article considers the current problem of today, which is the preservation and development of individual resilience. The retrospective study of the phenomenon of resilience is analyzed and three waves of resilience research are described. The terms that are often used to replace the concept of “resilience” are identified, in particular, “stress resistance”, “psychological resilience”, “resilience”, “psychological elasticity”, “viability”, “resistance to trauma”. Innate and acquired resilience are characterized. Three categories of resilient people are outlined and defined: risk- takers, adaptive and resilient (actually resilient). Four types of resilience are distinguished: physical, mental, emotional and social. It is noted that resilience is a bio-psychosocial phenomenon that includes personal, interpersonal and social attitudes and develops over a certain period of time; the ability of the psyche to recover after stressful or traumatic events; resilience is considered as a quality of the personality and as a dynamic process; resilience helps the individual in post-traumatic growth. The article considers three models of resilience: the five-component model of J. Clarke and J. Nicholson, the six-component model of E. M. Potapchuk and O. R. Polishchuk, and the seven-component model of E. Morel. The first model identifies such components as optimism, decision orientation, sense of personal responsibility, flexibility and openness, as well as stress and anxiety management. The second model describes optimism, social contacts, self-projection, self-attitude, goals, meanings. The third model defines optimism, problem-solving orientation, sense of responsibility, future orientation, focus on the network of contacts (social support). self-awareness, acceptance. Common to all models are optimism, problem-solving coping strategies, a sense of responsibility, and social support.