PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTING DEVIANT BEHAVIOR IN THE PROCESS OF ADOLESCENTS’ SOCIALIZATION

Abstract

The article reveals the psychological and pedagogical aspects of preventing deviant behavior among adolescents in the context of the socialization process. It is noted that adolescence is a sensitive period for the formation of social identity, during which an active development of the value system, moral orientations, and models of social behavior takes place. It is emphasized that deviant behavior arises as a result of disruptions in social adaptation processes, emotional instability, identity crises, and disharmony between the demands of the social environment and the internal needs of the individual. Attention is focused on defining prevention as a comprehensive set of psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at creating conditions for constructive socialization, developing social competence, strengthening the emotional and volitional sphere, and forming an adequate self-esteem in adolescents. The role of the educational environment, family, and extracurricular institutions in implementing preventive work is revealed. Effective directions of preventive activity are outlined, including the formation of positive motivation for learning and self-development, the development of communication skills, the organization of group work and socio-psychological training, and the creation of a safe educational space based on trust, acceptance, and support. It is emphasized that the effectiveness of preventing deviant behavior is ensured through the interaction of psychologists, teachers, social workers, and families on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach. It is concluded that the prevention of deviant behavior in the process of adolescents’ socialization should be aimed not only at reducing risks but also at developing internal personal resources, forming the ability for self-regulation, moral responsibility, and constructive interaction with society.