PSYCHOLOGY OF CREATIVITY AS AN OBJECT OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE THE BREAKTHROUGH OF THE 19th–20th CENTURIES IN UKRAINE

Abstract

In accordance with the defined goal and tasks, the article uses the method of scientific discourse, relevant atthe end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century in Ukraine. Artistic and creative issues determine such a methodological approach, because it is the most productive and logically justified in view of the numerous studies ofUkrainian scientists of that historical period. The trend of combining theoretical and applied research in psychology (empirical, experimental, physiological) with a powerful scientific base of philosophy, literary studies, cultural studies, and art studies was actively manifested in the second half of the 19th century not only in Ukrainian, but also in European and world science. The psychology of creativity as an object of scientific analysis recognizes creativity as a process. Conscious and unconscious mental processes are involved in it, and the creative act is a sphere of human freedom and a concentrated manifestation of his spiritual powers. It is important to understand that the creative individuality of an artist is a separate mental type, and the features of its self-realization directly affect the embodiment of the author's idea, thechoice of artistic methods and tools, and the methods of creation. As a theoretical and methodological basis, the article examines the works of outstanding Ukrainian scientists, thanks to whom the theory of artistic creativity gained conceptual embodiment. Of scientific importance were the studies of Oleksandr Potebnya, an outstanding psycholinguist and philosopher of language, in particular his work “Thought and Language” (1862), where he highlighted the interrelationships of language and thinking, developed the idea of speech as a creative act and noted that without language there is no there is an opinion, equating a word with a work of art. The psychological treatise “From the Secrets of Poetic Creativity” (1898–1899) by the brilliant Ukrainian artist and European and world-class scientist Ivan Franko was significantly ahead of his time and the Freudian concept of psychoanalysis, considering the issues of dreams, inspiration, creative imagination and fantasy, the action of the unconscious psyche in artistic creativity. So, we can say: at the beginning of the 20th century Ukrainian psychology acquired conceptual outlines and the psychology of creativity took shape as an independent branch of knowledge.