THE PHENOMENON OF PROCRASTINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BEHAVIORAL PARADIGM

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of procrastination through the lens of the behavioral paradigm, which allows for a renewed understanding of the nature of this phenomenon as a form of emotional regulation. Procrastination is considered a form of emotional regulation that allows individuals to avoid negative affect associated with performing unpleasant or difficult tasks. The author traces the historical origins of the phenomenon, beginning with ancient sources, and demonstrates its evolution from philosophical observations to modern scientific models. Particular attention is paid to the connection between procrastination and impulsivity – a trait that reduces the ability for self-regulation, long-term planning, and goal management. Within the behavioral approach, procrastination is interpreted as a behavioral habit reinforced by the immediate reduction of tension, anxiety, or discomfort. Such a mechanism of short-term positive reinforcement promotes the formation of a habit of avoiding unpleasant tasks, even at the cost of future negative consequences. Neuropsychological and genetic aspects are examined, confirming the shared foundation of impulsivity and procrastination, particularly in the domain of goal control. In particular, studies show that both traits share a common genetic basis and are closely correlated in the domain of goal regulation. Author analyzes mechanisms of temporal discounting that explain the preference for short-term rewards over long-term consequences, which is characteristic of procrastinators. Procrastinators have been found to exhibit greater sensitivity to time delay, which diminishes the perceived value of distant rewards and punishments in the decision-making process. The influence of task aversiveness, motivational attitudes, and cognitive resource deficits on the formation of procrastinatory behavior is also explored. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to studying procrastination, incorporating behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and neurobiological components. The development of self-regulation strategies is proposed as a key tool for overcoming procrastination, with practical relevance for educational, professional, and personal domains.