METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE FOR VARIOUS FORMS OF ADDICTIONS

Abstract

The article examines the psychological mechanisms underlying the formation of addictive behavior and methods of psychological assistance for individuals with various types of addictive manifestations. The aim of the study is the theoretical justification of cognitive-emotional risk factors and the development of recommendations for the prevention and correction of addictive tendencies. The theoretical analysis revealed that low self-esteem serves as a fundamental factor of psychological vulnerability, manifested in insecurity, the need for external validation of self-worth, and increased emotional tension, which provokes the use of addictive behavior patterns as a means of rapid emotional relief. High impulsivity amplifies these processes, as impulsive individuals often disregard the negative consequences of their actions and choose destructive stress-coping strategies, which are associated with more frequent use of psychoactive substances, compulsive behaviors, and risky situations. A weak ability to control emotions stimulates the use of external compensatory means. These cognitive-emotional factors interact with external circumstances such as family conflicts, lack of social support, and chronic stress, creating a cumulative risk effect. The results of the study allow for the identification of high-risk groups and the development of practical recommendations for psychological support, which include the development of emotional self-regulation skills, critical thinking, cognitive-behavioral training, individual and group therapy, family interventions, and art therapy techniques. The proposed integrated approach aims to reduce the risk of addictive behavior, strengthen psycho-emotional resources, and foster healthy adaptive strategies, ensuring effective prevention of addictions across different age and social groups.